c program, part 2

 

C Operators

An operator is simply a symbol that is used to perform operations. There can be many types of operations like arithmetic, logical, bitwise, etc.

There are following types of operators to perform different types of operations in C language.

• Arithmetic Operators
• Relational Operators
• Shift Operators
• Logical Operators
• Bitwise Operators
• Ternary or Conditional Operators
• Assignment Operator
• Misc Operator

Comments in C

Comments in C language are used to provide information about lines of code. It is widely used for documenting code. There are 2 types of comments in the C language.

1. Single Line Comments
2. Multi-Line Comments

Single Line Comments

Single line comments are represented by double slash \\.

Mult Line Comments

Multi-Line comments are represented by slash asterisk \* ... *\. It can occupy many lines of code, but it can't be nested.

printf() and scanf() in C

The printf() and scanf() functions are used for input and output in C language. Both functions are inbuilt library functions, defined in stdio.h (header file).

printf() function

The printf() function is used for output. It prints the given statement to the console.

scanf() function

The scanf() function is used for input. It reads the input data from the console.

If statement in C

In the C programming language, the `if` statement is used for conditional execution of code. The basic syntax of the `if` statement is as follows:

```c

if (condition) {

    // code to be executed if the condition is true

}

```

Here, `condition` is an expression that evaluates to either true or false. If the condition is true, the code inside the curly braces will be executed. If the condition is false, the code inside the curly braces will be skipped.

Additionally, you can use an `else` clause to specify a block of code to be executed when the condition is false:

```c

if (condition) {

    // code to be executed if the condition is true

} else {

    // code to be executed if the condition is false

}

```

You can also use `else if` to specify multiple conditions:

```c

if (condition1) {

    // code to be executed if condition1 is true

} else if (condition2) {

    // code to be executed if condition2 is true

} else {

    // code to be executed if none of the conditions are true

}

```

Here, the conditions are evaluated in order, and the code block corresponding to the first true condition is executed.

Here's a simple example:

```c

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

    int num = 10;

    if (num > 0) {

        printf("The number is positive.\n");

    } else if (num < 0) {

        printf("The number is negative.\n");

    } else {

        printf("The number is zero.\n");

    }

    return 0;

}

```

This program checks whether a given number is positive, negative, or zero and prints the corresponding message.