Fundamental of Computer (Class 1)

 

WHAT IS COMPUTER?

A computer is an electronic device that is capable of performing various tasks by executing a set of instructions or programs. It is a complex system comprised of hardware and software components that work together to process data, perform calculations, store and retrieve information, and communicate with other devices.

 

HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE

WHAT IS HARDWARE?

Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer system or any electronic device. It encompasses all the tangible parts that can be seen, touched, and manipulated. Hardware components work together to enable the functioning of a computer or electronic device. 

 WHAT IS SOFTWARE?

Software refers to a collection of programs, instructions, and data that enable a computer or electronic device to perform specific tasks or functions. It is a non-tangible component of a computer system that controls the hardware and allows users to interact with the computer.

 WHAT IS INPUT AND OUTPUT DEVICE?

Input and output devices are two categories of hardware components that facilitate the interaction between a computer system and its users or the external environment.

 1. Input Devices: Input devices are used to enter data or commands into a computer system. They allow users to provide information or instructions to the computer. Some common examples of input devices include:

 - Keyboard: A keyboard is a device with a set of keys that enables users to input alphanumeric characters, numbers, and special symbols.

- Mouse: A mouse is a pointing device that allows users to move a cursor on the screen and select objects by clicking buttons.

- Touchpad: A touchpad is a sensitive pad that is typically found on laptops and allows users to control the cursor by moving their finger on its surface.

- Trackball: A trackball is a pointing device that consists of a ball that can be rotated to control the movement of the cursor.

- Joystick: A joystick is a device used primarily for gaming or controlling simulations. It consists of a lever that can be tilted or moved in different directions.

- Scanner: A scanner is used to convert physical documents or images into digital format, allowing them to be stored or manipulated by the computer.

- Microphone: A microphone captures audio input, enabling users to record sound or provide voice commands to the computer.

- Webcam: A webcam captures video input, allowing users to participate in video conferencing or record videos.

 

2. Output Devices: Output devices are used to display or present information or results processed by the computer system. They provide a way for users to perceive and interpret the output generated by the computer. Some common examples of output devices include:

 - Monitor or Display: A monitor or display device presents visual output in the form of text, images, videos, and graphics.

- Printer: A printer produces hard copies of digital documents or images on paper or other media.

- Speaker or Headphones: These devices produce audio output, allowing users to listen to sounds, music, or other forms of audio.

- Projector: A projector displays computer-generated images or videos on a larger screen or surface.

- Plotter: A plotter is a device used to produce high-quality graphical output, such as large-scale drawings or architectural designs.

 Input and output devices work together to enable communication and interaction between users and computer systems. Users provide input through input devices, and the computer processes the input and generates output, which is then presented through output devices for users to perceive and interpret.